Tooth Sensitivity: What Thing is That Zing?

You bite into an ice cream cone on a hot summer day when a zing of tooth sensitivity comes out of nowhere and completely undermines the delight of the cool and creamy treat. Maybe worse is the unexpectedly sharp pain when biting down onto something hard, like a stray popcorn kernel. What does that zing in your teeth mean, and what is your mouth telling you? The sensation of tooth discomfort or, worst-case scenario, acute pain is caused by more than one mechanism. In determining how best to solve the problem, dentists must first do some sleuthing by gathering critical information, including the type of reaction their patients have, when it occurs, and how long it may last. These factors, combined with a clinical examination, help provide clues to the source of the problem. While it is true that the enamel protecting our teeth is the strongest substance in the body, it only works effectively as a shield if it isn’t compromised. Underneath that layer of armor are thousands of microtubules, or tiny holes, that transmit sensation to the center of each tooth, where the primary nerves and blood supply are housed. Once the protective enamel barrier is breached, and those microtubules are exposed, it’s all downhill from there. Identifying the cause of the enamel breakdown is key to combating sensitivity. What are some potential causes of tooth sensitivity and pain? - Toothbrush abrasion is caused by aggressive or improper toothbrushing technique. It leads to the wearing away or receding of the gums past the enamel. This exposes the very sensitive, unprotected root surface, which can cause a short-lived but intense response to cold or sweets. - Periodontal (gum) disease is a progressive recession of the gums and bone supporting our teeth in response to tartar and bacteria buildup constantly inflaming the gum tissue. It commonly occurs after falling behind on professional cleanings and becomes worse unless treated. This also results in unprotected root surface exposure and can lead to sensitivity and pain, which is often worsened by bacterial inflammation. - Clenching and grinding are abnormal habits that can lead to abfraction, which is a shearing of the enamel from the underlying dentin layer. This causes discomfort or sensitivity because the dentin is home to the microtubules that directly transmit sensitivity and pain to the pulp, the tooth’s innermost layer. - Erosion of the enamel can be caused by damage from acidic food and drinks, including citrus fruits and carbonated beverages, especially soda. As a result, sections of the teeth normally covered by protective enamel are now exposed to everyday actions that cause sensitivity and pain. - Dental caries, more commonly known as cavities, can break down the protective enamel of the teeth. If left untreated, its progress can ultimately cause infection and tooth loss. Fractured teeth or large cavities can result in pain when you bite down and require urgent care to restore the tooth’s health overall. Once the cause is identified – what’s the treatment? Treatment is based on the source of the problem. Anti-sensitivity toothpaste can provide temporary relief for mild symptoms of sensitivity; however, it does not actually treat the underlying cause of the discomfort. Once sensitivity begins in the mouth, it rarely resolves on its own and usually becomes progressively worse if not addressed. Unfortunately, there is no one-size fits all treatment for tooth sensitivity. The good news is that UT Health San Antonio Dentistry has a team of dentists who are experts at finding the thing that is causing your zing, as well as meeting any other oral health needs you may have. Don’t let time get away from you; our professionals are ready to help you fully enjoy every bite of ice cream this summer. UT Dentistry’s General Dentistry Clinic is an in-network preferred provider for Delta Dental insurance and also accepts and helps patients process other insurance carriers. With extended treatment hours, available appointments and a convenient location, it’s simple to make time for a check-up. Appointments and information for the General Dentistry Clinic are available by calling 210-56 SMILE (210-567-6453) or by requesting an appointment online at UTHealthDental.com.